关于西藏等地的中英文资料--给如霜
沿途主要城镇及景点简介：
l 西双版纳：
地处滇南，通常指以景洪为中心的西双版纳傣族自治州景洪、勐海、勐腊三县地域。这里是傣、汉、哈尼等多民族聚居地区。“西双版纳”一词为傣语，意为“十二万亩田”。全年平均气温在21。C左右，长年高温多雨，终年无雪。无四季之分，只有明显的干、湿两季。每年的雨季为5至11月。每年的3、4月，被称为旅游的黄金季节。
西双版纳的原始森林约有2万平方公里，生长着数千种热带植物和数百种珍禽异兽。在那里，可以看到冰川时期的天科木、老态龙钟的大榕树、坚硬的铁力木、起义伍的龙血树；还可以看到成群的野牛、象征吉祥的孔雀，以及白象、金鹿、长臂猿、长嘴犀鸟等。
西双版纳的主要民族是傣族。傣族历史悠久。傣族是最早栽培稻谷和使用犁耕的民族之一。公元一、二世纪，傣族首领先后几次派使者到东汉王朝都城洛阳，接受汉朝皇帝的赏赐和封号。公元八世纪至十三世纪，西双版纳属唐、宋王朝地方政权“南诏”、“大理国”管辖。
傣族信仰小乘佛教和原始宗教。个村寨几乎都有佛寺。傣族男女从儿童时期开始均须入寺当一段时间的和尚，成年以后才有社会地位。
傣族人民感情细腻丰富，能歌善舞，普遍爱好音乐。他们住着竹
楼。楼上住人，楼下养牛或堆放杂物。每户竹篱环绕，自成院落。村寨临江傍湖，果树掩映，环境十分优美。
l 勐海：
位于景洪西部，与缅甸接壤。有傣族、哈尼、布朗、佤族等10多个民族聚居。县境内有森林82万亩，山林种生活着多种珍贵动物，被称为动、植物王国。特产：普洱茶、红茶和樟脑。1985年勐海被列为对外开放区。
l 景洪：
是西双版纳自治州的首府，是一座具有亚热带风光和民族特点的边疆城市，已有800年历史。景洪街道两旁栽培了铁力木、菠萝蜜、凤凰和泡果树。景洪的早市最有特色。街道边摆满了蔬菜、瓜果和其他土特产品，还有藤器、药材、皮毛、乐器以及各民族的特需用品等。水果成熟的季节，还能在早市上看到椰子、芒果、柚子、荔枝、杨桃等各种新鲜的水果。
l 大理：
位于云贵高原西北部，云南省西部。中国历史文化名城之一，位于下关东北约13公里
的苍山之下，洱海之滨。是大理白族自治州首府大理年平均气温15.1。C，最冷月（1月）平均气温8. 7。C，最热月（7月），平均气温为21。C，气候
温和，四季如春。
早在3000年前，白、彝各族的先民就在这里生息和繁衍。西汉武帝为开发西南，通经缅甸、印度等国的“蜀身毒道”，在这里设置了叶榆县。历史上的南诏、大理国都曾在这里设都，是当时云南的政治、经济和文化中心，又是中国同东南亚诸国交流文化、通商贸易的重要门户。
1·洱海：国家级风景名胜区，为云南第二大淡水湖，面积250平方公里，水质清澈明净。乘船游览其中，碧波万倾，渔帆点点，远眺苍山峰峦起伏，苍洱风光另人心旷神怡。
2·三塔：位于大理古城西北一公里，建于公元823──859年间，有大塔千寻塔南北两座小塔组成，为密檐式建筑。千寻塔高69.1米，共16层，南北小塔各高43米，均为13层，三塔布局形成鼎立之式，气势雄伟。
3·蝴蝶泉：位于大理古城北十四公里的苍山云弄峰下，泉水碧绿清澈，四周绿树环抱，奇特而古老的蝴蝶树举臂泉上，倒影水中。每年农历四月十五前后十几天，泉周围形成“蝴蝶盛会”的奇观，蝴蝶或首尾相衔挂于树上，或飞舞追逐。这里还建有蝴蝶博物馆、观海亭，咏蝶碑等。
4·大明古城： 现存的大理城为明洪武年间所建。城内不少民宅都以大理石作墙基，这些石料都取于邻近的石矿资源──大理石。古城还保留着明清府城的格局，街道整齐，民居建筑古香古
色，环境清幽。城中有许多作坊及工艺品一条街。
l 丽江：
位于滇西北的金沙江畔，玉龙雪山脚，是中国的历史文化名城，聚居着纳西族同胞，
它地处“万里长江第一湾”的怀抱得名。
1·玉龙雪山：是北纬最南的一座雪山，最高峰扇子陡海拔5596米，山上最主要的风景点为云杉坪。
2·黑龙潭：又称玉泉公园，坐落在丽江城北的象山脚下。传说清乾隆年间，纳西族人民在此建了“玉泉龙王庙”，玉泉从此流传下来。
3·丽江古城：在丽江有一座驰名中外的古朴典雅的城镇，它就是大研镇。大研镇以四方街为中心，大街小巷成网状布局，并且条条街巷有小桥，条条道路通流水，家家门前有清流，户户人家有垂柳。它是中国仅有的保持古城全貌的古城镇。
l 中甸：
中甸县位于青藏高南延部分，是云南迪庆藏族自治州州府所在地。滇、川、藏三省
交界处。由于地处滇西北横山脉的北部，为著名的高山峡谷地带。整个地势北高南低，山脉多为南北走向，地形较复杂。县城海拔：3276米。这里是云南省海拔最高的地区。
1·虎跳峡：位于丽江县和中甸
县交界处的虎跳峡，是玉龙雪山国家重点风景名胜区内一个驰名中外的雄伟景观。它全长17公里，高差达3600多米，比号称“世界第一”的美国科罗拉多峡谷还深1800多米。峡内下虎跳段最窄处只有30余米，相传老虎一顿足即可飞跃彼岸。
2·松赞林寺：位于中甸县城北的佛屏山，是云南省最大的藏传佛教寺庙，仿布达拉宫而建的黄教名刹，初建于明朝，为康藏地区的十三个大喇嘛寺之一。
l 乡城：
康南重镇。位于四川省西南缘，属横断山北段，云贵高原向青藏高原过渡地带的金沙江东岸高山区。平均海拔3500米。处于巴塘──乡城──中甸断裂地带上，秋冬季节群震型地震活动频繁。境内冰蚀地貌显著，山岳型悬谷冰川遗迹举目可见，高山、冰谷、冰斗湖星罗棋布。属大陆性高原季风气候，雨量少而集中，是四川省少雨而干旱的特殊地区之一。
l 理塘：
理塘县历史悠久、幅员辽阔、人口稀少、资源丰富、地势高耸、气候严寒，素有“世界高城”之称，平均海拔4100米。
l 甘孜：
l 德格：
德格县宗教、藏文化发达，是藏族聚居地，自古为藏区政治、军
事、文化重镇。德格县以集藏文化之大成的德格藏文印经院而著名，在藏区素有“藏民族文化宝库”、“雪山下的文化古城”之称。平均海拔4000米。全县盛产鹿茸、麝香、熊胆、牛黄、虫草、贝母、大黄、雪莲花、等名贵动植物药材，尤以八乌虫草、玉隆大黄驰名中外，备受日本、东南亚客商青睐。
l 昌都：
l 丁青：
l 那曲：
l 拉萨：
拉萨市位于西藏中部，是西藏自治区首府，也是中国历史文化名城之一。平均海拔3500米，是世界上最高的成年市之一。拉萨市一年中日照总数达3005小时，有“日光城”之称。拉萨日温差大，年温差小。年平均气温8。C左右，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，最佳旅游季节为6──10月。拉萨藏语的意思是“神佛圣地”，是一座具有1300年历史的高原古城，文物古迹十分丰富。
1· 纳木错：
2· 布达拉宫：
布达拉意为菩萨住的宫殿，倚山而建，共13层。始建于公元七世纪，而从五世达赖到十四达赖，都把布达拉宫作为行使统治权力的中心。从布局来看：布达拉宫明显分为两大部分：居中央是“红宫”，为历代达赖的灵塔殿和各类讲堂；两翼刷白的是“白宫”，是达赖生活起居和政治活动的场所。布达拉宫是西藏自治区内最完整最宏伟的一座古建筑，是全国重点文物保护单位之一。
3· 大昭寺：
大昭寺坐落在拉萨市中心八角街，是公元七世纪中叶藏王松赞干布为纪念文成公主入藏而修建的。总面积25000多平方米，有20多个殿堂，珍藏有大藏经108套，大小塑像300多尊。1409年，黄教祖师喀宗巴，始创拉萨大法会，后经五世达赖扩其规模，规定每年正月初3至25为大法会时期，大昭寺成为黄教的“根本道场”。殿内可容纳数万僧人，进行法事活动。
4· 八角街：
位于拉萨市中心。八角是藏语“帕廓”的音译，意思是围绕大昭寺
5· 羊卓雍错：
l 拉孜：
l 定日：
地处喜马拉雅山中段北麓，雅鲁藏布江南岸，举世闻名的珠穆朗玛峰、卓奥友峰等屹立其境。1988年被自治区人民政府列为珠峰自然保护区的核心区。定日南与尼泊尔王国接壤，边境线长约180公里。平均海拔在5000米以上。属高原温带季风型气候，昼夜温差大。
l 日喀则：
地处西藏自治区南部，位于喜马拉雅山北麓，雅鲁藏布江由西向东流经该市。西藏第二大城市，属西藏自治区“一江两河”综合开
发的重点市。境内主要公路干线有中尼公路和日亚公路。
扎什伦布寺是西藏黄教六大名寺之一，也是历代班禅额尔德尼的主寺。寺庙建于1447年，建筑面积近30万平方米，高近30丈。
l 多玛、各拉丹东：
长江之源和黄河之源均在青海境内。长江发源于唐古拉山的主峰各拉丹东冰 峰的姜根迪如冰川，海拔6548米，冰川之间，有数公里的大片冰塔林，它们的融水 即是长江的源头之水，故长江之源，实为冰川源,长江源头景色绮丽,几十米高的冰塔林,耸入晴空,绵亘十余里,犹如座座水晶峰峦,千姿百 ，是自然形成的艺术宝库，这里不仅风光极美，而且资源丰富，蕴藏着水晶石，磁铁矿和铅辛铅等，还盛产无鳞鱼和雪鸡，并时有野驴，大头弯羊，白唇鹿、野毛牛和雪豹出没其间，是旅游观光胜地。
l 青海湖：
青海湖
在青海高原东北部，巍峨挺拔的日月山，大通山和起伏连绵的青海南山环抱着一个浩瀚美丽的高原湖泊——青海湖。远远望去，那兰得发亮的浩淼湖水，像一面光亮的宝镜，平嵌在皑皑的雪山和茫茫的草原之间，熠熠闪光。
青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖泊，面积4400多平方公里，海拔3260多米比古城西宁还高出1000多米，这里气候凉爽。即使在烈日炎炎的的盛夏，日平均温度一般都在15℃左右，是理想的避暑胜地，它四面环山，环境优美，景色迤俪。尤其在夏秋季节，辽阔的草原象铺上了一层碧绿的绒毯，各种野花五彩缤纷，将绿色的绒毯点缀得如锦似缎，四周大片整齐的农田麦浪翻滚，油菜花一片金黄，散发出沁人肺腑的芬芳，湖面上碧波万倾，白色的海鸥追逐着鱼帆在空中翱翔，湖岸的公路和铁路线上，满载着各种物资的汽车、火车往来奔驰，构成了一副副美丽动人的画卷。
青海湖蒙语叫“库库诺尔”，意思是“青兰色的海”，是很久很久以前青藏高原不断隆起后，幸存下来的，湖水平均深度25米，是我国最大的咸水湖。
青藏高原自古就是令人神往的宝地。景点主要有海心山和鸟岛，海心山又叫龙驹岛，面积约1平方公里，此处上、青水秀，景色秀丽。从前人们在海心山上兴修了不少庙宇和房屋，一些喇嘛岛上修行，不少牧人到岛上来放牧，“山──佛──寺”已成为此地独特景观。
鸟岛在青海湖西部，面积只有0．1平方公里，岛上栖息斑头雁、赤麻鸭等10多种10多万只候鸟，每年春天，大批的海鸟从印度，尼泊尔等地千里迢迢来到青海湖繁衍生息，秋天又携儿带女飞回南方，国家对这类鸟资源十分重视，在岛上设有专门保护机构。
青海湖美丽富饶，盛产味美、营养高的湟鱼。沿湖两岸有辽阔的天然牧场，这里冬季多雪，夏秋多雨，牧草丰美，有着发展牧业的优良条件，现已成为青海省重要的牧业基地。
青海湖周围水源充足，雨量充沛，土地肥沃，牛羊成群，牧歌悠扬，当地人民在大力发展牧业的同时，，也充分发展了油料、饲料为主的农业。
经过40多年的艰苦建设和不断装点，如今的青海湖已是一派繁荣兴旺的热火景象，不少中外游客慕名而至，乐而忘返。
l 若尔盖草原：
l 九寨沟：九寨沟位于岷江上游阿坝州南坪县境内，因沟内有九个藏族村寨而得名。1982年被国务院批准为国家级重点风景名胜区，1991年被联合国教科
文组织列入《世界自然遗产名录》。 九寨沟以绝天下的原始、神秘气氛而闻名。传说很久很久以前，神勇的山神达戈热恋着美丽的女神沃莫色莫，达戈用风云磨成一面宝镜送于色
莫，而色莫不慎将此宝镜108个碎片，化作108个海子（高原湖泊），从而成为九寨沟最美丽的108个景观。这里雪峰玉立，青山流水，交相辉映，这
里的瀑布、溪流更是迷人，如飞珠撒玉，异常雄伟秀丽。火花海、五彩池等因水清澈，湖底石质晶莹而折射阳光，呈现出梦幻似的光彩，步移景
换，犹如进入了童话世界，珍珠滩水波粼粼，如飞珠碎玉。诺日朗瀑布宽达100余米,从30米高的石崖上，飞泻而下，色彩明艳，另聚一番秀雅自
然，清纯优美的风韵。各景点之间栈道幽深，小桥横跨，村寨古朴，民风各异，令人有飘然出世的，超凡脱俗之感。妩媚的春日，九寨沟众多景点
万紫千红；炎炎夏日，则浓荫滴翠；醉人之金秋，则五彩斑斓；严寒隆冬，其景色则冰清玉洁，真可谓四季分明，各有千秋，其中尤以金秋最为
迷人，深藏在林中的108个高原湖泊----海子，每到其时，天高气爽，碧水澄澈。映衬着漫山遍野绚丽多彩的秋林，水底五彩石，天上飘白云，如梦似幻，如醉如痴。
九寨沟现已开发出二滩、三沟、四瀑、十八群海。最著名的景点有剑悬泉、芳草海，天鹅湖、剑竹海、熊猫海、高瀑布、五花海、珍珠滩瀑
布、镜海、诺日朗瀑布、犀牛海、树正瀑布、树正群海、卧龙海、火花海、芦苇海、留景滩、长海、五彩池、上下季节海等。
九寨沟由于海拔3000米左右，属高原湿润气候，山顶终年积雪。春天气温较低，且变化较大，有冻土及残雪；夏天气温回升较快且稳定，平均
在19℃--22℃之间，但夜晚较凉；宜备薄毛衣，秋季天高气爽，温度宜人,但昼夜温差较大,可备毛衣；冬季寒冷积雪。九寨沟年降雨少而集中,7-8月是典型雨季。
l 成都："峨眉天下秀,青城天下幽,剑门天下险,夔门天下雄”。
川江号子,秦岭山歌唤起悠远的历史，数千年的灿烂文化装点出秀美的巴蜀风光，这便是“天府之国”－四川。
四川是西南地区交通、文化、商贸、通讯的枢纽和中心。富绕的土地，繁荣的工商，发达的农业，四通八达的交通，奇绝的风光，万紫千红地展示着今日天府的富庶与兴盛。
四川，又是一个人杰地灵的文化之邦：李太白从这里杖剑远行，杜工部在此望月怀乡；陈子昂、苏东坡、陆放翁、张大千恰如灿烂的明星，诸葛亮勤谨治国，唐玄宗剑阁闻铃，李冰父子修筑都江堰……
四川省省会成都，是中国著名的历史文化名城，是“国宝”－熊猫的故乡，是中国西南的商贸、金融中心和交通、通讯枢纽，是国家批准的对外开放城市。
四川，给远来的您，一份意外的惊喜；给远去的您，一份刻骨铭心的回忆。
Yunnan / Geography
Yunnan, though a province of China, is, in many aspects, a part of Southeast Asia. This is the case because it is populated not only by Han Chinese who have migrated into the province in more recent times but by a large number of minorities who have been living here for as long as history has been recorded. Actually, one of the dominant ethnic groups of Southeast Asia, the Thais, trace their origin to Yunnan where they lived in their own, independent kingdom, Nanchao, for hundreds of years, until it was overrun by the Mongols of Kublai Khan. Dschingis Khan's and Kublai Khan's conquest of much of Asia forced many of the Thais of Yunnan, mainly those living in an advanced social order, the Nanchao state, to migrate south into an area which today forms the Kingdom of Thailand.
Nevertheless, a large number of ethnic Thais remained in Yunnan after Kublai Khan's conquest, especially in the mountainous regions of Yunnan which have less easily been penetrated, first by Kublai Khan's troops and later by Han Chinese administrations. Though these remaining Thais, known as Dais, Bais, and by other names, have, after Nanchao, never again been able to form their own, independent states, they have, until today, maintained their own way of life, their own religion, and their own customs which in many ways are quite different from those of the Han Chinese.
Yunnan is probably the most colourful, and the most diverse Chinese province. The particular ethnic mix certainly contributes to this fact.
Actually, Yunnan is among the ethnically most diverse regions not only of China but of all of Asia, comparable in diversity to its neighbor in the South and East, the Union of Myanmar (Burma).
Yunnan / Climate
Yunnan has a diverse climate, embracing temperate, tropical and rigid zones in one province. Kunming, the capital city, is marked by a pleasant spring weather which prevails year round while it is also notable for the abrupt change into winter weather caused by rain.
Dali's climate is somewhat similar to that of Kunming. Lijiang has a rather cold climate whereas Xishuangbanna is rather hot for most of the year.
Spring - February to April
Summer - May to July
Autumn - August to October
Winter - November to January
Yunnan / Population
The population of Yunnan is approximately 34 million. There are 24 registered minorities, including the Zhuang, Hui, Yi, Miao, Tibetans, Mongols, Yao, Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Pumi, Nu, Achang, Benglong, Jinuo, and Dulong.
The Naxi, living in and around the town of Lijiang in the northwestern part of Yunnan, bordering Tibet, are noted as one of the few Asian people who have maintained a matriarchal society (anthropologists believe that most early human societies have in fact been matriarchal, meaning to say, dominated by women). Apart from northwestern Yunnan, matriarchal societies are, for example, still found today in central Sumatra.
Ethnically, the Naxi belong to the Tibetan group. However, the region where they live, or roamed (as they used to be nomads), administratively belongs to the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan. They count some 280,000.
Yunnan / Kunming / The City
Kunming is the capital of Yunnan province. Its history dates back for more than 2,000 years. In its early centuries the town was a Chinese military garrison. When the Kingdom of Nanchao became the dominant power in Yunnan, Kunming was conquered and made a secondary capital of Nanchao. The primary capital of Nanchao was Dali, to the north-west of Kunming.
In 1274, Kunming, and the whole Kingdom of Nanchao, was taken by Kublai Khan's Mongol hords.
After the demise of the Kingdom of Nanchao, Kunming again became a Chinese town, then known by the name of Yunnanfu. The Ming Dynasty fortified Kunming, building a wall around it. For the next 300 to 400 years, Kunming had been, on several occasions, the battleground for conflicting Chinese dynasties.
During the Muslim rebellion in Yunnan in the years 1858 to 1868 Kunming was attacked several times by the forces of the Sultan of Dali, Du Wenxiu. Many of the buildings were destroyed and many of Kunming's inhabitants were killed.
In the middle of the 19th century, European imperialist powers became interested in Kunming. By that time, the British were already well established in Burma, the French in Indochina. Especially the French wanted to exploit the natural resources of Yunnan, as well as the substantial trade potential. When, in the early 20th century, Kunming and several other cities in Yunnan and other regions of South China were opened to foreign trade, the French built a railway from Indochina to Kunming.
Kunming importance grew during World War II when a large number of Chinese internal refugees, fleeing the Japanese aggression, arrived in the city. The nationalist Chinese forces, the Kuomintang under Generalissimo Chiang Kaishek, who were entrenched in Yunnan and the neighboring Sichuan province, were heavily supported by the Western Allied Powers, and a lot of arms and economic support were brought to Kunming. The supplies were first transported on dirt roads from Burma and later flown into Kunming.
Kunming today has a population of around 1 million. The city offers a number of sightseeing spots but what makes it attractive, and different from much of Southeast Asia, is the city's climate, as well as some old parts of town.
Kunming is located some 1,900 meters above sea level and has mild weather throughout the year. During the winter months nights are cooler and it is recommended to bring some warmer clothes.
Yunnan / Dali / The City
For many centuries, Dali was the principal city of Yunnan, far more important than Kunming. Dali was the capital of the Nanchao Kingdom which made its power felt deep into China. Much later, in the mid-19th century, Dali was a Muslim stronghold from were the Yunnan capital of Kunming had been raided several times.
Still now, Dali is predominantly inhabited by Bai people, one of the strongest ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. The Bais are closely related to the Thais of Thailand, as well as to another ethnic minority in Yunnan province, the Dais.
Actually, the Thais of Thailand only became an ethnic group distinct from the Bais and Dais of Yunnan after Kublai Khan had defeated the Nanchao Kingdom. At that time, a large number of the Nanchao aristocracy, together with many of their subjects, migrated south, into Southeast Asia and present-day Thailand where they dislodged the Khmers who at that time were ruling over much of Southeast Asia.
The Thai group of people now classified as Thais, Dais, Bais, and under various other names, had been settling the Dali area for more than 3,000 years. Even today, there is much awareness among Thais that Yunnan is where they originate from.
Like Kunming, Dali, some 400 kilometers to the west, is located near a major lake, Erhai Lake. And like Kunming, Dali lies at an altitude of about 1,900 meters.
The main attraction of Dali is probably the surrounding countryside. To the west lies the Cangshan Mountain Range with peaks well above 4,000 meters and a large number of most picturesque Buddhist temples. Unlike the Han Chinese, the Dais and Bais of the Dali area are Hinayana Buddhists, so one may see saffron-robbed monks.
Yunnan / Dali / Three Pagodas
The Three Pagodas, though not as famous as those on the Three Pagodas Pass between Thailand and Myanmar, are among the oldest still-existing architectural structures in all of Southwestern China. The tallest of the three was built in the 9th century and reaches a height of some 70 meters. The two smaller pagodas are about 42 meters high. A temple behind the pagodas is a fine example of traditional Yunnanese architecture.
Yunnan / Dali / Butterfly Spring
The spring, some 30 kilometers north of Dali, draws, as many a Chinese tourist destination, its rating as an attraction not just from its physical features but also from a particular legend associated with it. In the case of the Butterfly Spring, the Chinese believe that once a pair of young lovers committed suicide by jumping into the water, in order to escape a cruel king. However, the two didn't die but were transformed into two of those butterflies that favor the spot. Alas, for the butterflies, one has to come in late spring or early summer.
Yunnan / Dali / Lake Erhai
Lake Erhai, some 40 kilometers long from north to south and less than 10 kilometers wide, is known for a unique fishing method used by the locals. Like Arabs are fond of hunting with falcons, the Bais of Lake Erhai used captured and domesticated cormorants to catch fish. The big birds are hindered from swallowing their prey by having rings fixed around their necks.
Yunnan / Lijiang / The Town
The area of Lijiang is one of the most attractive parts of Yunnan province. The attraction includes a breath-taking countryside to the east of the town, the picturesque old town of Lijiang itself, the region's Naxi population with its unique customs, as well as a large number of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries dotting the mountains east of Lijiang.
The old town of Lijiang is a labyrinth of narrow streets and canals, interwoven with markets, shops and tea houses. Taken all together, it makes for a splendid atmosphere. The most impressing, it's probably in the early morning when the mist clears in the town comes alive.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
To the north of Lijiang rise some impressive peaks of the Himalayan mountain range. The highest among them is Mount Satseto, referred to by the locals as Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Its peak had been conquered for the first time in 1963 by Chinese mountaineers.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Yangzi River
To the north of Lijiang, the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Yangzi River is a popular destination for local and foreign tourist alike. The Yangzi River at this point passes through a 16 kilometer long valley, one of the deepest gorges anywhere in the world. The distance from the Yangzi water level to the mountain tops rises up to 3900 meters.
There are excursions to the whole length of the Valley which usually take two or three days.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Monasteries
Monasteries around Lijiang, among them Puji Monastery, Yafeng Monastery, Fugao Monastery, and Wenbe Monastery, belong to Tibetan Buddhist sects. The above-named monasteries, and countless others in the region, have all been damage during the Cultural Revolution. The most interesting sights at the monasteries are old frescoes. There has been a period in 15th and 16th centuries when frescoes had been painted at many of the monasteries by Tibetan and Naxi artists.
Yunnan / Xishuangbanna / The District
In many aspects, Xishuangbanna is China's own Mini-Thailand.
As far as the population of this southernmost part of Yunnan is concerned, it is indeed more Thai than Chinese. In this district, the minority (and by Chinese definition the Dais populating the area are a minority) are actually the majority. Of the district's population of more 650,000, more than half belong to the Dais who are just as closely related to the Thais of Thailand as the name suggests. The Han Chinese make up only about a quarter of the population.
The district's name, too, is more Thai than Chinese. "Sip song pan na" is Thai for "Twelve thousand rice fields", and that's what the fertile district has been called among the local Thai, or Dai, population for centuries.
Xishuangbanna is China's Mini-Thailand, too, because like Thailand in all of Southeast Asia, Xishuangbanna is, among China's provinces, a much preferred tourist destination, though not so much by international tourists but rather for Chinese from provinces further north.
Xishuangbanna is China's Mini-Thailand, too, because there is a striking similarity of tourist attractions. The highest rating is given to the Water Festival, which is equivalent to Songkran in Thailand, falls on the same date (April 13 to 15), and has the same traditional meaning of greeting a new year by the Thai, and Dai, calendar.
But Songkran is not the only Thai festivity which is also found in Yunnan's Xishuangbanna: there are rocket festivals, like in Thailand's Northeast, and boat races on various festive occasions as they are common in Northern Thailand.
Xishuangbanna, or rather the Dai majority, are Theravada Buddhists just like the Burmese and the Thais which gives the region additional colour. Like in Thailand and Burma, saffron-robbed monks can be seen wandering from house to house to receive the faithfuls' offerings. And there are countless Burmese- and Thai-style pagodas.
Yunnan / Xishuangbanna / Jinghong
Jinghong is Xishuangbanna's district capital, located on the bank of the Mekong River which is named Lancang River for as long as it flows through China. Among the attractions of Jinghong are the Manting Park with the ancient Manting Temple, the White Pagoda, the Octagonal Pavilion, and a Cultural Village with displays of folk arts and dance shows.
Boat trips on the Mekong are possible from Jinghong to Ganlanba, another town on the Mekong, southeast of Jinghong.
Sichuan, a big inland province in southwest China, is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It covers 570,000 sq km, i.e. 6 percent of the nation's total, and has a population of 110.84 million, nearly 10 percent of the national total. To the east of Sichuan are the provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan; to the west is the Tibetan Autonomous Region; and to the north are Qinghai, Gansu and Shanxi provinces.
The territory of Sichuan locates geographically in between 97 21' to 110 12' east longitude and 26 03' to 34 19' north latitude, which stretches 1,200 km westeastward and 900 km northsouthward. This land can be divided into plain, hill, plateau, swamp, forest and grassland with all types of climate, topographical feature and biographical species found in China. Because of the mild climate, fertile soil, abundant natural resources and a long history of developed agriculture, Sichuan has long been reputed to be the "land of Abundance".
Sichuan is a province of multi-nationalities inhabited by as many as 15 different ethnic groups including Han, Yi, Qiang, Miao, Tujia, Hui, Mongolian, lisu, Manchu, Laxi, Buyi, Bai, Dai and Zhuang. For the adminstrative purpose, the province is divided into municipality, prefecture and autonomous prefecture, altogether 23 with Chengdu being the capital. Chongqing is the largest city of the province listed, by the state,among the cities enjoying independent economic planning.
Sichuan is of great importance to the agricultural production of China, and is the biggest producer of grain, oil and living pig of the country. It has a total area of 6.232 million hectares of cultivated land which yields approximately ten percent of the country's total annual output of grain. In 1994, the province produced totally 42,320,000 tons of grain and 5,021,300 tons of pork, beef and mutton, and this resulted in an increase of 7.8 percent over that of the previous year. The slaughtered porkers this year totalled 71,558,400 head, and the gross agricultural output value amounted to 116.9 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8 percent over that of 1993. The province produces such cash crops and produce including rapeseed, cotton, sugarcane, tea, orange, natural silk and tung oil, with the output of rapeseed, orange and natural silk topping the whole country. Sichuan is rich in Chinese medicinal herbs with the output making up one-third of the country's total. These herbs including musk, pilose antler, notopterygium, Chinese caterpillar fungus, Ligusticum, wallichii, tendtilleaved fritillary bulb, Tianma and eucommia bark enjoy good reputation and market in the country. Besides, the province keeps China's largest production of tremeila, raw lacquer and mao bamboo. Sichuan is listed in the country the third in terms of the forest area that covers 11,532 hectares, and is among the state's 5 biggest prairies with the grassland covering 22,534 million hectares.
Sichuan is considered as one of the prime industrial bases of China. It boasts, at present, 39 of the country's total 40 industrial sectors, with its power, metallurgy, mining, chemicals, machine-building, space technology, aircraft, trunks and electronics sectors occupying important positions in the national industrial structure. The province accommodates a legion of large- sized enterprises enjoying good reputation both at home and abroad. They are Panzhihua Iron & Steel Company, Chongqing Iron & Steel Company, No. 2 Heavy-Duty Machinery Plant, Jialing Machinery Plant, and Changhong Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. The following statistics reveal the latest attainments scored in the province in the year of 1994: 271.552 billion (including that of the township enterprises), an increase of 19.5 percent over that of the previous year; 255.825 billion yuan of sales value, an increase of 16.7 percent; 89,699,800 tons of coal, an increase of 13.1 percent; 7,385 billion m3 of natural gas, a growth of 1.3 percent; 50.278 billion kw/h of electricity, a growth of 15.3 percent; 5,538,500 tons of steel products, a growth of 12.5 percent; and 2,395,300 tons of chemical fertilizer, a growth of 14.4 percent. Light industry of the province continued to expand in the past year. For a long time, the silk production of Sichuan has been playing an important role with the top output of silk cocoon and top silk reeling capacity in the whole country. Sichuan is extremely rich in hydropower resources. It has the country's largest reserves of hydropower resources that are estimated to 150 million kw, or 22.2 percent of the country's total; some 91.67 million kw, i.e. 24 percent of the country's total of hydropower reserves are easily exploitable. Sichuan has also abundant reserves of various kinds of minerals with over 130 discovered including abundant proven reserves of 94 minerals hidden in over 1,500 mining areas. Minerals with the richest reserves in the country number 40, and those having the largest output include: natural gas, iron, titanium, vanadium, aluminum, placer gold, lithium, cadmium, sulphur, phosphorus, halite, mirabilite, asbestos, crystal, mica, graphite, raw materials of cement, and top quality marble and granite, etc.
Sichuan is now a place of easy access. It has established the province networks of transportation and telecommunication that have joined into the national one and can provide people with convenience of transportation by air, water and land. There are 6 railways of Baoji-Chengdu, Chengdu-chongqing, Chengdu-Kunming, Sichuan-Guizhou, Xiangfan-Chongqing, Neijiang-Yibin running through the province with the total mileage of 2,930 km. The network of highway has been well programmed around the big cities of Chengdu, Chongqing, Nanchong, Yaan and Neijiang, and allows travel and communication to every small counties of the province with the total mileage of 100,002 km. The latest achievements in transportation development are represented chiefly by the initial traffic service on the eastern section of the Chengdu-Chongqing Express way, the construction started on the Chengdu-Mianyang Express way, the Daxian-Chengdu Railway, and the southern section of the Baoji-Chengdu Double-line Railway as well as the electrification of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. The province has a total mileage of water way reaching 6,904 km, with navigation already being open up in over 120 inner land rivers. The province also operates civil aviation on over 150 national and international air routes. It's not only possible to fly, from Chengdu, to the major cities of the province and the country, but also to the foreign countries and districts of Nepal, Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Russia and Hong Kong; and to Negoya of Japan and Hong Kong from Chongqing. A provincial telecommunication network has been established comprising up-to-date technology and facilities such as microwave, optical fiber, satellite, program control telephone, beeper and radio facsimile. 191 cities, prefectures and counties of the province have realized automation of the local call, among which, 165 cities and counties have had national long- distance call installed and 100 have had, international long- distance call installed.
With the rapid development in economy, Sichuan boasts a comprehensive advantage of science and technology in the whole country.The province is home to 317 government-fund scientific research institutes; 210 technological development institutes set up in the large-sized enterprises and higher learning institutes; 63 higher learning institutes; 6,287 ordinary middle schools; 191 secondary technical schools; 107 normal schools; 639 vocational middle schools and 69,673 primary schools. Sichuan has a very rich heritage of culture and art. It enjoys high reputation both at home and abroad for the artistic style and striking local flavor of its folk song and dance, Sichuan opera, acrobatics and Quyi (a form of Chinese folk art). Owing to the efforts made in the improvement of public cultural institutions, the province has currently established 162 public libraries, 211 cultural centers, 52 museums, 36 radio broadcasting stations, and 36 TV stations. It published 119 kinds of newspapers, 375 kinds of magazines and 5,047 kinds of books. Up to 1994, the province has registered 19,012 public health institutions with 259,000 beds, and established 28 nature preserves with fruitful results achieved in the environmental protection. In the year, Sichuan athletes distinguished themselves at the national, Asian and international games, winning 12 gold medals, 9 silver medals and 9 bronze medals in Asian and worldwide sports competitions; 44 gold medals, 54 silver medals and 44 bronze medals in domestic sports competitions. The natural growth of population of the province was 9.94%. in 1994.
Centrally located in the western Sichuan Plain, Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, is renowned for its fertile land and agricultural wealth which have earned the city the nickname "Storehouse of Heaven". It covers an area of 3,861 sq. km., of which only 50 sq. km. is in the city proper with a population of 4 million, of whom 1.23 million are urban inhabitants.
Jiuzhaigou
In northern Sichuan, close to the Gansu border, is Jiuzhaigou (Nine Stockade Gully). It is so named because there are nine Tibetan villages in. Jiuzhaigou covers an area of 600 square kilometers, by now 50 square kilometers of which has been opened to tourists, comprising six scenic spots. In this area there are lakes, waterfalls, snow mountains and forests. The place is well preserved as its natural state.
In December,1992 The Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area was listed in the Chronology of Recognition of World Heritages in China.
Dujiang Dam:
Located in the suburb of Guanxian County, 57 km. southwest of Chengdu, the Dujiang Dam, an irrigation project was built by the locals in the 3rd Century A.D.
This project, some 60 kilometers north-west of Chengdu, was undertaken in the 3rd century BC to divert the fast flowing Min River and rechannel it into irrigation canals. This project was constructed under the guidance of Li Bing and his son in the Warring States Period. After the completio n of the project, the western part of Sichun was free from drought and flood. To commemorate Li Bing and his son, people built Two Kings Temple. Even today the irrigation project are being expanded and playing an important role.among Chengdu's delicacies. Longchaoshou, Tongjing Lane noodles and Husband-and-wife beef slices are some other tasty morsels worth trying. Most Characteristic of them are Lai Tangyuan (stuffed dumplings made of glutinous rice flour served in soup), Longchaoshou, Husband-and-wife beef slices, bell-shaped dumplings, Tongjing lane noodles and pearl-shaped Tangyuan.
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Chengdu's snacks and refreshments have a great reputation. Dumplings made of glutinous rice flour served in soup (Lai Tangyuan), bell-shaped dumplings and pearl-shaped Tangyuan are Dujiangyan Irrigation Project
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Sichuan Brocade: a famous traditional handicraft of Chengdu, Sichuan brocade feels soft and its colorfully unique designs are characteristic of the Chinese style.
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Chengdu's Temperature('c)
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Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun.
Average 5.5 7.5 12.1 17.0 20.9 23.7
Max. 9.6 11.5 16.7 22.0 25.7 28.0
Min. 2.4 4.4 8.6 13.1 17.3 20.3
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Month Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Average 25.6 25.1 21.2 16.8 11.9 7.3
Max. 30.0 29.9 25.4 20.5 15.6 11.1
Min. 22.3 21.7 18.5 14.3 9.3 4.5
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TIBET
Though there is no railway link, Tibet has already opened two airports, one in Lhasa, the regional capital, the other in Chengdu, linking it with Chengdu, Beijing, Xi'an, Chongqing, and Kathmandu. Travel by air can provide you an opportunity to appreciate the unique scenery of the sea clouds and the rolling snow-covered mountain peaks from a height of 10,000 meters.
There are five highways leading to Tibet. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the China-Nepal Highway which connects Nepal with Tibet at Zhangmu Port of Entry are the busiest two road links, The other three are the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway, and Yunnan-Tibet Highway. The Sichuan-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet links are not accessible to overseas tourists yet, but for Chinese travelers all the roads lead to Tibet. Transport condition on parts of the southern section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway is still difficult, however,
Gold-plated roof
it is along this section that you can find numerous tourist attractions including the scenic Raog Lake, the ancient and unique Karo Ruins and Chambaling Monastery, as well as a folklore culture different from that of the areas around Lhasa.
Travel within the region is quite convenient, since the autonomous region has built a sound highway network reaching Lhasa in every direction.
Potala Palace
With a unique natural environment and a long history, Tibet boasts a magnificent highland scenery and rich ethnic folklore.
Once in Lhasa, first come into view will be the imposing and magnificent Potala Palace located on the Red Hill. In downtown, pilgrims and tourists are seen flocking to the famous Jakhang Monastery every day. In the Tibetan-style Norbu Lingka Garden you can visit the numerous palaces located among trees and flower, Highlights also include the Ramoche Temple, the Sera Monastery, the Drepung Monastery, the Dragon Pond, and the Mount Chakpuri, which contribute to making Lhasa a holy city.
Bharkor Street
In the heart of Lhasa, Bharkor Street is the best market place. Small shops line on both sides of the street. Small shops sells various items like pray flags, fur hats, horse bells and bridles, broad leather money belts and copper teapots. The merchandise in small and open street stalls changes from day to day, from Tibetan rugs and knives to traditional Tibetan costumes. Every day Bharkor is visited by crowds of curio-seekers and Tibetan pilgrims holding prayer wheels and walking through Bharkor Street and around the Jokhang Temple
Trashilhunpo Monastery at Xigaze
Located in the south of Nyioeri Mountain west of Xigaze, the monastery was first built in 1447 under the guidance of the First Dalai Lama Gedun Chubba, a disciple of Zongkaba of the Gelugba (Yellow Hat). As one of the four great monasteries of Gelungba in Tibet, it was listed as one of the historical monuments and cultural relics under state protection.
Inside the monastery there are more than 50 scripture halls and more than 3,600 monk quarters. The main structure, located at the top, has three parts. The upper part of the west side is the Hall of Buddha Maitreya (known as Buddha Qamba in Tibet) and is 30 meters high. Being the largest and highest indoor bronze statue of Buddha in the world, the Buddha Qamba is 26.2 meters high and made
l 西双版纳：
地处滇南，通常指以景洪为中心的西双版纳傣族自治州景洪、勐海、勐腊三县地域。这里是傣、汉、哈尼等多民族聚居地区。“西双版纳”一词为傣语，意为“十二万亩田”。全年平均气温在21。C左右，长年高温多雨，终年无雪。无四季之分，只有明显的干、湿两季。每年的雨季为5至11月。每年的3、4月，被称为旅游的黄金季节。
西双版纳的原始森林约有2万平方公里，生长着数千种热带植物和数百种珍禽异兽。在那里，可以看到冰川时期的天科木、老态龙钟的大榕树、坚硬的铁力木、起义伍的龙血树；还可以看到成群的野牛、象征吉祥的孔雀，以及白象、金鹿、长臂猿、长嘴犀鸟等。
西双版纳的主要民族是傣族。傣族历史悠久。傣族是最早栽培稻谷和使用犁耕的民族之一。公元一、二世纪，傣族首领先后几次派使者到东汉王朝都城洛阳，接受汉朝皇帝的赏赐和封号。公元八世纪至十三世纪，西双版纳属唐、宋王朝地方政权“南诏”、“大理国”管辖。
傣族信仰小乘佛教和原始宗教。个村寨几乎都有佛寺。傣族男女从儿童时期开始均须入寺当一段时间的和尚，成年以后才有社会地位。
傣族人民感情细腻丰富，能歌善舞，普遍爱好音乐。他们住着竹
楼。楼上住人，楼下养牛或堆放杂物。每户竹篱环绕，自成院落。村寨临江傍湖，果树掩映，环境十分优美。
l 勐海：
位于景洪西部，与缅甸接壤。有傣族、哈尼、布朗、佤族等10多个民族聚居。县境内有森林82万亩，山林种生活着多种珍贵动物，被称为动、植物王国。特产：普洱茶、红茶和樟脑。1985年勐海被列为对外开放区。
l 景洪：
是西双版纳自治州的首府，是一座具有亚热带风光和民族特点的边疆城市，已有800年历史。景洪街道两旁栽培了铁力木、菠萝蜜、凤凰和泡果树。景洪的早市最有特色。街道边摆满了蔬菜、瓜果和其他土特产品，还有藤器、药材、皮毛、乐器以及各民族的特需用品等。水果成熟的季节，还能在早市上看到椰子、芒果、柚子、荔枝、杨桃等各种新鲜的水果。
l 大理：
位于云贵高原西北部，云南省西部。中国历史文化名城之一，位于下关东北约13公里
的苍山之下，洱海之滨。是大理白族自治州首府大理年平均气温15.1。C，最冷月（1月）平均气温8. 7。C，最热月（7月），平均气温为21。C，气候
温和，四季如春。
早在3000年前，白、彝各族的先民就在这里生息和繁衍。西汉武帝为开发西南，通经缅甸、印度等国的“蜀身毒道”，在这里设置了叶榆县。历史上的南诏、大理国都曾在这里设都，是当时云南的政治、经济和文化中心，又是中国同东南亚诸国交流文化、通商贸易的重要门户。
1·洱海：国家级风景名胜区，为云南第二大淡水湖，面积250平方公里，水质清澈明净。乘船游览其中，碧波万倾，渔帆点点，远眺苍山峰峦起伏，苍洱风光另人心旷神怡。
2·三塔：位于大理古城西北一公里，建于公元823──859年间，有大塔千寻塔南北两座小塔组成，为密檐式建筑。千寻塔高69.1米，共16层，南北小塔各高43米，均为13层，三塔布局形成鼎立之式，气势雄伟。
3·蝴蝶泉：位于大理古城北十四公里的苍山云弄峰下，泉水碧绿清澈，四周绿树环抱，奇特而古老的蝴蝶树举臂泉上，倒影水中。每年农历四月十五前后十几天，泉周围形成“蝴蝶盛会”的奇观，蝴蝶或首尾相衔挂于树上，或飞舞追逐。这里还建有蝴蝶博物馆、观海亭，咏蝶碑等。
4·大明古城： 现存的大理城为明洪武年间所建。城内不少民宅都以大理石作墙基，这些石料都取于邻近的石矿资源──大理石。古城还保留着明清府城的格局，街道整齐，民居建筑古香古
色，环境清幽。城中有许多作坊及工艺品一条街。
l 丽江：
位于滇西北的金沙江畔，玉龙雪山脚，是中国的历史文化名城，聚居着纳西族同胞，
它地处“万里长江第一湾”的怀抱得名。
1·玉龙雪山：是北纬最南的一座雪山，最高峰扇子陡海拔5596米，山上最主要的风景点为云杉坪。
2·黑龙潭：又称玉泉公园，坐落在丽江城北的象山脚下。传说清乾隆年间，纳西族人民在此建了“玉泉龙王庙”，玉泉从此流传下来。
3·丽江古城：在丽江有一座驰名中外的古朴典雅的城镇，它就是大研镇。大研镇以四方街为中心，大街小巷成网状布局，并且条条街巷有小桥，条条道路通流水，家家门前有清流，户户人家有垂柳。它是中国仅有的保持古城全貌的古城镇。
l 中甸：
中甸县位于青藏高南延部分，是云南迪庆藏族自治州州府所在地。滇、川、藏三省
交界处。由于地处滇西北横山脉的北部，为著名的高山峡谷地带。整个地势北高南低，山脉多为南北走向，地形较复杂。县城海拔：3276米。这里是云南省海拔最高的地区。
1·虎跳峡：位于丽江县和中甸
县交界处的虎跳峡，是玉龙雪山国家重点风景名胜区内一个驰名中外的雄伟景观。它全长17公里，高差达3600多米，比号称“世界第一”的美国科罗拉多峡谷还深1800多米。峡内下虎跳段最窄处只有30余米，相传老虎一顿足即可飞跃彼岸。
2·松赞林寺：位于中甸县城北的佛屏山，是云南省最大的藏传佛教寺庙，仿布达拉宫而建的黄教名刹，初建于明朝，为康藏地区的十三个大喇嘛寺之一。
l 乡城：
康南重镇。位于四川省西南缘，属横断山北段，云贵高原向青藏高原过渡地带的金沙江东岸高山区。平均海拔3500米。处于巴塘──乡城──中甸断裂地带上，秋冬季节群震型地震活动频繁。境内冰蚀地貌显著，山岳型悬谷冰川遗迹举目可见，高山、冰谷、冰斗湖星罗棋布。属大陆性高原季风气候，雨量少而集中，是四川省少雨而干旱的特殊地区之一。
l 理塘：
理塘县历史悠久、幅员辽阔、人口稀少、资源丰富、地势高耸、气候严寒，素有“世界高城”之称，平均海拔4100米。
l 甘孜：
l 德格：
德格县宗教、藏文化发达，是藏族聚居地，自古为藏区政治、军
事、文化重镇。德格县以集藏文化之大成的德格藏文印经院而著名，在藏区素有“藏民族文化宝库”、“雪山下的文化古城”之称。平均海拔4000米。全县盛产鹿茸、麝香、熊胆、牛黄、虫草、贝母、大黄、雪莲花、等名贵动植物药材，尤以八乌虫草、玉隆大黄驰名中外，备受日本、东南亚客商青睐。
l 昌都：
l 丁青：
l 那曲：
l 拉萨：
拉萨市位于西藏中部，是西藏自治区首府，也是中国历史文化名城之一。平均海拔3500米，是世界上最高的成年市之一。拉萨市一年中日照总数达3005小时，有“日光城”之称。拉萨日温差大，年温差小。年平均气温8。C左右，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，最佳旅游季节为6──10月。拉萨藏语的意思是“神佛圣地”，是一座具有1300年历史的高原古城，文物古迹十分丰富。
1· 纳木错：
2· 布达拉宫：
布达拉意为菩萨住的宫殿，倚山而建，共13层。始建于公元七世纪，而从五世达赖到十四达赖，都把布达拉宫作为行使统治权力的中心。从布局来看：布达拉宫明显分为两大部分：居中央是“红宫”，为历代达赖的灵塔殿和各类讲堂；两翼刷白的是“白宫”，是达赖生活起居和政治活动的场所。布达拉宫是西藏自治区内最完整最宏伟的一座古建筑，是全国重点文物保护单位之一。
3· 大昭寺：
大昭寺坐落在拉萨市中心八角街，是公元七世纪中叶藏王松赞干布为纪念文成公主入藏而修建的。总面积25000多平方米，有20多个殿堂，珍藏有大藏经108套，大小塑像300多尊。1409年，黄教祖师喀宗巴，始创拉萨大法会，后经五世达赖扩其规模，规定每年正月初3至25为大法会时期，大昭寺成为黄教的“根本道场”。殿内可容纳数万僧人，进行法事活动。
4· 八角街：
位于拉萨市中心。八角是藏语“帕廓”的音译，意思是围绕大昭寺
5· 羊卓雍错：
l 拉孜：
l 定日：
地处喜马拉雅山中段北麓，雅鲁藏布江南岸，举世闻名的珠穆朗玛峰、卓奥友峰等屹立其境。1988年被自治区人民政府列为珠峰自然保护区的核心区。定日南与尼泊尔王国接壤，边境线长约180公里。平均海拔在5000米以上。属高原温带季风型气候，昼夜温差大。
l 日喀则：
地处西藏自治区南部，位于喜马拉雅山北麓，雅鲁藏布江由西向东流经该市。西藏第二大城市，属西藏自治区“一江两河”综合开
发的重点市。境内主要公路干线有中尼公路和日亚公路。
扎什伦布寺是西藏黄教六大名寺之一，也是历代班禅额尔德尼的主寺。寺庙建于1447年，建筑面积近30万平方米，高近30丈。
l 多玛、各拉丹东：
长江之源和黄河之源均在青海境内。长江发源于唐古拉山的主峰各拉丹东冰 峰的姜根迪如冰川，海拔6548米，冰川之间，有数公里的大片冰塔林，它们的融水 即是长江的源头之水，故长江之源，实为冰川源,长江源头景色绮丽,几十米高的冰塔林,耸入晴空,绵亘十余里,犹如座座水晶峰峦,千姿百 ，是自然形成的艺术宝库，这里不仅风光极美，而且资源丰富，蕴藏着水晶石，磁铁矿和铅辛铅等，还盛产无鳞鱼和雪鸡，并时有野驴，大头弯羊，白唇鹿、野毛牛和雪豹出没其间，是旅游观光胜地。
l 青海湖：
青海湖
在青海高原东北部，巍峨挺拔的日月山，大通山和起伏连绵的青海南山环抱着一个浩瀚美丽的高原湖泊——青海湖。远远望去，那兰得发亮的浩淼湖水，像一面光亮的宝镜，平嵌在皑皑的雪山和茫茫的草原之间，熠熠闪光。
青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖泊，面积4400多平方公里，海拔3260多米比古城西宁还高出1000多米，这里气候凉爽。即使在烈日炎炎的的盛夏，日平均温度一般都在15℃左右，是理想的避暑胜地，它四面环山，环境优美，景色迤俪。尤其在夏秋季节，辽阔的草原象铺上了一层碧绿的绒毯，各种野花五彩缤纷，将绿色的绒毯点缀得如锦似缎，四周大片整齐的农田麦浪翻滚，油菜花一片金黄，散发出沁人肺腑的芬芳，湖面上碧波万倾，白色的海鸥追逐着鱼帆在空中翱翔，湖岸的公路和铁路线上，满载着各种物资的汽车、火车往来奔驰，构成了一副副美丽动人的画卷。
青海湖蒙语叫“库库诺尔”，意思是“青兰色的海”，是很久很久以前青藏高原不断隆起后，幸存下来的，湖水平均深度25米，是我国最大的咸水湖。
青藏高原自古就是令人神往的宝地。景点主要有海心山和鸟岛，海心山又叫龙驹岛，面积约1平方公里，此处上、青水秀，景色秀丽。从前人们在海心山上兴修了不少庙宇和房屋，一些喇嘛岛上修行，不少牧人到岛上来放牧，“山──佛──寺”已成为此地独特景观。
鸟岛在青海湖西部，面积只有0．1平方公里，岛上栖息斑头雁、赤麻鸭等10多种10多万只候鸟，每年春天，大批的海鸟从印度，尼泊尔等地千里迢迢来到青海湖繁衍生息，秋天又携儿带女飞回南方，国家对这类鸟资源十分重视，在岛上设有专门保护机构。
青海湖美丽富饶，盛产味美、营养高的湟鱼。沿湖两岸有辽阔的天然牧场，这里冬季多雪，夏秋多雨，牧草丰美，有着发展牧业的优良条件，现已成为青海省重要的牧业基地。
青海湖周围水源充足，雨量充沛，土地肥沃，牛羊成群，牧歌悠扬，当地人民在大力发展牧业的同时，，也充分发展了油料、饲料为主的农业。
经过40多年的艰苦建设和不断装点，如今的青海湖已是一派繁荣兴旺的热火景象，不少中外游客慕名而至，乐而忘返。
l 若尔盖草原：
l 九寨沟：九寨沟位于岷江上游阿坝州南坪县境内，因沟内有九个藏族村寨而得名。1982年被国务院批准为国家级重点风景名胜区，1991年被联合国教科
文组织列入《世界自然遗产名录》。 九寨沟以绝天下的原始、神秘气氛而闻名。传说很久很久以前，神勇的山神达戈热恋着美丽的女神沃莫色莫，达戈用风云磨成一面宝镜送于色
莫，而色莫不慎将此宝镜108个碎片，化作108个海子（高原湖泊），从而成为九寨沟最美丽的108个景观。这里雪峰玉立，青山流水，交相辉映，这
里的瀑布、溪流更是迷人，如飞珠撒玉，异常雄伟秀丽。火花海、五彩池等因水清澈，湖底石质晶莹而折射阳光，呈现出梦幻似的光彩，步移景
换，犹如进入了童话世界，珍珠滩水波粼粼，如飞珠碎玉。诺日朗瀑布宽达100余米,从30米高的石崖上，飞泻而下，色彩明艳，另聚一番秀雅自
然，清纯优美的风韵。各景点之间栈道幽深，小桥横跨，村寨古朴，民风各异，令人有飘然出世的，超凡脱俗之感。妩媚的春日，九寨沟众多景点
万紫千红；炎炎夏日，则浓荫滴翠；醉人之金秋，则五彩斑斓；严寒隆冬，其景色则冰清玉洁，真可谓四季分明，各有千秋，其中尤以金秋最为
迷人，深藏在林中的108个高原湖泊----海子，每到其时，天高气爽，碧水澄澈。映衬着漫山遍野绚丽多彩的秋林，水底五彩石，天上飘白云，如梦似幻，如醉如痴。
九寨沟现已开发出二滩、三沟、四瀑、十八群海。最著名的景点有剑悬泉、芳草海，天鹅湖、剑竹海、熊猫海、高瀑布、五花海、珍珠滩瀑
布、镜海、诺日朗瀑布、犀牛海、树正瀑布、树正群海、卧龙海、火花海、芦苇海、留景滩、长海、五彩池、上下季节海等。
九寨沟由于海拔3000米左右，属高原湿润气候，山顶终年积雪。春天气温较低，且变化较大，有冻土及残雪；夏天气温回升较快且稳定，平均
在19℃--22℃之间，但夜晚较凉；宜备薄毛衣，秋季天高气爽，温度宜人,但昼夜温差较大,可备毛衣；冬季寒冷积雪。九寨沟年降雨少而集中,7-8月是典型雨季。
l 成都："峨眉天下秀,青城天下幽,剑门天下险,夔门天下雄”。
川江号子,秦岭山歌唤起悠远的历史，数千年的灿烂文化装点出秀美的巴蜀风光，这便是“天府之国”－四川。
四川是西南地区交通、文化、商贸、通讯的枢纽和中心。富绕的土地，繁荣的工商，发达的农业，四通八达的交通，奇绝的风光，万紫千红地展示着今日天府的富庶与兴盛。
四川，又是一个人杰地灵的文化之邦：李太白从这里杖剑远行，杜工部在此望月怀乡；陈子昂、苏东坡、陆放翁、张大千恰如灿烂的明星，诸葛亮勤谨治国，唐玄宗剑阁闻铃，李冰父子修筑都江堰……
四川省省会成都，是中国著名的历史文化名城，是“国宝”－熊猫的故乡，是中国西南的商贸、金融中心和交通、通讯枢纽，是国家批准的对外开放城市。
四川，给远来的您，一份意外的惊喜；给远去的您，一份刻骨铭心的回忆。
Yunnan / Geography
Yunnan, though a province of China, is, in many aspects, a part of Southeast Asia. This is the case because it is populated not only by Han Chinese who have migrated into the province in more recent times but by a large number of minorities who have been living here for as long as history has been recorded. Actually, one of the dominant ethnic groups of Southeast Asia, the Thais, trace their origin to Yunnan where they lived in their own, independent kingdom, Nanchao, for hundreds of years, until it was overrun by the Mongols of Kublai Khan. Dschingis Khan's and Kublai Khan's conquest of much of Asia forced many of the Thais of Yunnan, mainly those living in an advanced social order, the Nanchao state, to migrate south into an area which today forms the Kingdom of Thailand.
Nevertheless, a large number of ethnic Thais remained in Yunnan after Kublai Khan's conquest, especially in the mountainous regions of Yunnan which have less easily been penetrated, first by Kublai Khan's troops and later by Han Chinese administrations. Though these remaining Thais, known as Dais, Bais, and by other names, have, after Nanchao, never again been able to form their own, independent states, they have, until today, maintained their own way of life, their own religion, and their own customs which in many ways are quite different from those of the Han Chinese.
Yunnan is probably the most colourful, and the most diverse Chinese province. The particular ethnic mix certainly contributes to this fact.
Actually, Yunnan is among the ethnically most diverse regions not only of China but of all of Asia, comparable in diversity to its neighbor in the South and East, the Union of Myanmar (Burma).
Yunnan / Climate
Yunnan has a diverse climate, embracing temperate, tropical and rigid zones in one province. Kunming, the capital city, is marked by a pleasant spring weather which prevails year round while it is also notable for the abrupt change into winter weather caused by rain.
Dali's climate is somewhat similar to that of Kunming. Lijiang has a rather cold climate whereas Xishuangbanna is rather hot for most of the year.
Spring - February to April
Summer - May to July
Autumn - August to October
Winter - November to January
Yunnan / Population
The population of Yunnan is approximately 34 million. There are 24 registered minorities, including the Zhuang, Hui, Yi, Miao, Tibetans, Mongols, Yao, Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Pumi, Nu, Achang, Benglong, Jinuo, and Dulong.
The Naxi, living in and around the town of Lijiang in the northwestern part of Yunnan, bordering Tibet, are noted as one of the few Asian people who have maintained a matriarchal society (anthropologists believe that most early human societies have in fact been matriarchal, meaning to say, dominated by women). Apart from northwestern Yunnan, matriarchal societies are, for example, still found today in central Sumatra.
Ethnically, the Naxi belong to the Tibetan group. However, the region where they live, or roamed (as they used to be nomads), administratively belongs to the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan. They count some 280,000.
Yunnan / Kunming / The City
Kunming is the capital of Yunnan province. Its history dates back for more than 2,000 years. In its early centuries the town was a Chinese military garrison. When the Kingdom of Nanchao became the dominant power in Yunnan, Kunming was conquered and made a secondary capital of Nanchao. The primary capital of Nanchao was Dali, to the north-west of Kunming.
In 1274, Kunming, and the whole Kingdom of Nanchao, was taken by Kublai Khan's Mongol hords.
After the demise of the Kingdom of Nanchao, Kunming again became a Chinese town, then known by the name of Yunnanfu. The Ming Dynasty fortified Kunming, building a wall around it. For the next 300 to 400 years, Kunming had been, on several occasions, the battleground for conflicting Chinese dynasties.
During the Muslim rebellion in Yunnan in the years 1858 to 1868 Kunming was attacked several times by the forces of the Sultan of Dali, Du Wenxiu. Many of the buildings were destroyed and many of Kunming's inhabitants were killed.
In the middle of the 19th century, European imperialist powers became interested in Kunming. By that time, the British were already well established in Burma, the French in Indochina. Especially the French wanted to exploit the natural resources of Yunnan, as well as the substantial trade potential. When, in the early 20th century, Kunming and several other cities in Yunnan and other regions of South China were opened to foreign trade, the French built a railway from Indochina to Kunming.
Kunming importance grew during World War II when a large number of Chinese internal refugees, fleeing the Japanese aggression, arrived in the city. The nationalist Chinese forces, the Kuomintang under Generalissimo Chiang Kaishek, who were entrenched in Yunnan and the neighboring Sichuan province, were heavily supported by the Western Allied Powers, and a lot of arms and economic support were brought to Kunming. The supplies were first transported on dirt roads from Burma and later flown into Kunming.
Kunming today has a population of around 1 million. The city offers a number of sightseeing spots but what makes it attractive, and different from much of Southeast Asia, is the city's climate, as well as some old parts of town.
Kunming is located some 1,900 meters above sea level and has mild weather throughout the year. During the winter months nights are cooler and it is recommended to bring some warmer clothes.
Yunnan / Dali / The City
For many centuries, Dali was the principal city of Yunnan, far more important than Kunming. Dali was the capital of the Nanchao Kingdom which made its power felt deep into China. Much later, in the mid-19th century, Dali was a Muslim stronghold from were the Yunnan capital of Kunming had been raided several times.
Still now, Dali is predominantly inhabited by Bai people, one of the strongest ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. The Bais are closely related to the Thais of Thailand, as well as to another ethnic minority in Yunnan province, the Dais.
Actually, the Thais of Thailand only became an ethnic group distinct from the Bais and Dais of Yunnan after Kublai Khan had defeated the Nanchao Kingdom. At that time, a large number of the Nanchao aristocracy, together with many of their subjects, migrated south, into Southeast Asia and present-day Thailand where they dislodged the Khmers who at that time were ruling over much of Southeast Asia.
The Thai group of people now classified as Thais, Dais, Bais, and under various other names, had been settling the Dali area for more than 3,000 years. Even today, there is much awareness among Thais that Yunnan is where they originate from.
Like Kunming, Dali, some 400 kilometers to the west, is located near a major lake, Erhai Lake. And like Kunming, Dali lies at an altitude of about 1,900 meters.
The main attraction of Dali is probably the surrounding countryside. To the west lies the Cangshan Mountain Range with peaks well above 4,000 meters and a large number of most picturesque Buddhist temples. Unlike the Han Chinese, the Dais and Bais of the Dali area are Hinayana Buddhists, so one may see saffron-robbed monks.
Yunnan / Dali / Three Pagodas
The Three Pagodas, though not as famous as those on the Three Pagodas Pass between Thailand and Myanmar, are among the oldest still-existing architectural structures in all of Southwestern China. The tallest of the three was built in the 9th century and reaches a height of some 70 meters. The two smaller pagodas are about 42 meters high. A temple behind the pagodas is a fine example of traditional Yunnanese architecture.
Yunnan / Dali / Butterfly Spring
The spring, some 30 kilometers north of Dali, draws, as many a Chinese tourist destination, its rating as an attraction not just from its physical features but also from a particular legend associated with it. In the case of the Butterfly Spring, the Chinese believe that once a pair of young lovers committed suicide by jumping into the water, in order to escape a cruel king. However, the two didn't die but were transformed into two of those butterflies that favor the spot. Alas, for the butterflies, one has to come in late spring or early summer.
Yunnan / Dali / Lake Erhai
Lake Erhai, some 40 kilometers long from north to south and less than 10 kilometers wide, is known for a unique fishing method used by the locals. Like Arabs are fond of hunting with falcons, the Bais of Lake Erhai used captured and domesticated cormorants to catch fish. The big birds are hindered from swallowing their prey by having rings fixed around their necks.
Yunnan / Lijiang / The Town
The area of Lijiang is one of the most attractive parts of Yunnan province. The attraction includes a breath-taking countryside to the east of the town, the picturesque old town of Lijiang itself, the region's Naxi population with its unique customs, as well as a large number of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries dotting the mountains east of Lijiang.
The old town of Lijiang is a labyrinth of narrow streets and canals, interwoven with markets, shops and tea houses. Taken all together, it makes for a splendid atmosphere. The most impressing, it's probably in the early morning when the mist clears in the town comes alive.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
To the north of Lijiang rise some impressive peaks of the Himalayan mountain range. The highest among them is Mount Satseto, referred to by the locals as Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Its peak had been conquered for the first time in 1963 by Chinese mountaineers.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Yangzi River
To the north of Lijiang, the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Yangzi River is a popular destination for local and foreign tourist alike. The Yangzi River at this point passes through a 16 kilometer long valley, one of the deepest gorges anywhere in the world. The distance from the Yangzi water level to the mountain tops rises up to 3900 meters.
There are excursions to the whole length of the Valley which usually take two or three days.
Yunnan / Lijiang / Monasteries
Monasteries around Lijiang, among them Puji Monastery, Yafeng Monastery, Fugao Monastery, and Wenbe Monastery, belong to Tibetan Buddhist sects. The above-named monasteries, and countless others in the region, have all been damage during the Cultural Revolution. The most interesting sights at the monasteries are old frescoes. There has been a period in 15th and 16th centuries when frescoes had been painted at many of the monasteries by Tibetan and Naxi artists.
Yunnan / Xishuangbanna / The District
In many aspects, Xishuangbanna is China's own Mini-Thailand.
As far as the population of this southernmost part of Yunnan is concerned, it is indeed more Thai than Chinese. In this district, the minority (and by Chinese definition the Dais populating the area are a minority) are actually the majority. Of the district's population of more 650,000, more than half belong to the Dais who are just as closely related to the Thais of Thailand as the name suggests. The Han Chinese make up only about a quarter of the population.
The district's name, too, is more Thai than Chinese. "Sip song pan na" is Thai for "Twelve thousand rice fields", and that's what the fertile district has been called among the local Thai, or Dai, population for centuries.
Xishuangbanna is China's Mini-Thailand, too, because like Thailand in all of Southeast Asia, Xishuangbanna is, among China's provinces, a much preferred tourist destination, though not so much by international tourists but rather for Chinese from provinces further north.
Xishuangbanna is China's Mini-Thailand, too, because there is a striking similarity of tourist attractions. The highest rating is given to the Water Festival, which is equivalent to Songkran in Thailand, falls on the same date (April 13 to 15), and has the same traditional meaning of greeting a new year by the Thai, and Dai, calendar.
But Songkran is not the only Thai festivity which is also found in Yunnan's Xishuangbanna: there are rocket festivals, like in Thailand's Northeast, and boat races on various festive occasions as they are common in Northern Thailand.
Xishuangbanna, or rather the Dai majority, are Theravada Buddhists just like the Burmese and the Thais which gives the region additional colour. Like in Thailand and Burma, saffron-robbed monks can be seen wandering from house to house to receive the faithfuls' offerings. And there are countless Burmese- and Thai-style pagodas.
Yunnan / Xishuangbanna / Jinghong
Jinghong is Xishuangbanna's district capital, located on the bank of the Mekong River which is named Lancang River for as long as it flows through China. Among the attractions of Jinghong are the Manting Park with the ancient Manting Temple, the White Pagoda, the Octagonal Pavilion, and a Cultural Village with displays of folk arts and dance shows.
Boat trips on the Mekong are possible from Jinghong to Ganlanba, another town on the Mekong, southeast of Jinghong.
Sichuan, a big inland province in southwest China, is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It covers 570,000 sq km, i.e. 6 percent of the nation's total, and has a population of 110.84 million, nearly 10 percent of the national total. To the east of Sichuan are the provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan; to the west is the Tibetan Autonomous Region; and to the north are Qinghai, Gansu and Shanxi provinces.
The territory of Sichuan locates geographically in between 97 21' to 110 12' east longitude and 26 03' to 34 19' north latitude, which stretches 1,200 km westeastward and 900 km northsouthward. This land can be divided into plain, hill, plateau, swamp, forest and grassland with all types of climate, topographical feature and biographical species found in China. Because of the mild climate, fertile soil, abundant natural resources and a long history of developed agriculture, Sichuan has long been reputed to be the "land of Abundance".
Sichuan is a province of multi-nationalities inhabited by as many as 15 different ethnic groups including Han, Yi, Qiang, Miao, Tujia, Hui, Mongolian, lisu, Manchu, Laxi, Buyi, Bai, Dai and Zhuang. For the adminstrative purpose, the province is divided into municipality, prefecture and autonomous prefecture, altogether 23 with Chengdu being the capital. Chongqing is the largest city of the province listed, by the state,among the cities enjoying independent economic planning.
Sichuan is of great importance to the agricultural production of China, and is the biggest producer of grain, oil and living pig of the country. It has a total area of 6.232 million hectares of cultivated land which yields approximately ten percent of the country's total annual output of grain. In 1994, the province produced totally 42,320,000 tons of grain and 5,021,300 tons of pork, beef and mutton, and this resulted in an increase of 7.8 percent over that of the previous year. The slaughtered porkers this year totalled 71,558,400 head, and the gross agricultural output value amounted to 116.9 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8 percent over that of 1993. The province produces such cash crops and produce including rapeseed, cotton, sugarcane, tea, orange, natural silk and tung oil, with the output of rapeseed, orange and natural silk topping the whole country. Sichuan is rich in Chinese medicinal herbs with the output making up one-third of the country's total. These herbs including musk, pilose antler, notopterygium, Chinese caterpillar fungus, Ligusticum, wallichii, tendtilleaved fritillary bulb, Tianma and eucommia bark enjoy good reputation and market in the country. Besides, the province keeps China's largest production of tremeila, raw lacquer and mao bamboo. Sichuan is listed in the country the third in terms of the forest area that covers 11,532 hectares, and is among the state's 5 biggest prairies with the grassland covering 22,534 million hectares.
Sichuan is considered as one of the prime industrial bases of China. It boasts, at present, 39 of the country's total 40 industrial sectors, with its power, metallurgy, mining, chemicals, machine-building, space technology, aircraft, trunks and electronics sectors occupying important positions in the national industrial structure. The province accommodates a legion of large- sized enterprises enjoying good reputation both at home and abroad. They are Panzhihua Iron & Steel Company, Chongqing Iron & Steel Company, No. 2 Heavy-Duty Machinery Plant, Jialing Machinery Plant, and Changhong Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. The following statistics reveal the latest attainments scored in the province in the year of 1994: 271.552 billion (including that of the township enterprises), an increase of 19.5 percent over that of the previous year; 255.825 billion yuan of sales value, an increase of 16.7 percent; 89,699,800 tons of coal, an increase of 13.1 percent; 7,385 billion m3 of natural gas, a growth of 1.3 percent; 50.278 billion kw/h of electricity, a growth of 15.3 percent; 5,538,500 tons of steel products, a growth of 12.5 percent; and 2,395,300 tons of chemical fertilizer, a growth of 14.4 percent. Light industry of the province continued to expand in the past year. For a long time, the silk production of Sichuan has been playing an important role with the top output of silk cocoon and top silk reeling capacity in the whole country. Sichuan is extremely rich in hydropower resources. It has the country's largest reserves of hydropower resources that are estimated to 150 million kw, or 22.2 percent of the country's total; some 91.67 million kw, i.e. 24 percent of the country's total of hydropower reserves are easily exploitable. Sichuan has also abundant reserves of various kinds of minerals with over 130 discovered including abundant proven reserves of 94 minerals hidden in over 1,500 mining areas. Minerals with the richest reserves in the country number 40, and those having the largest output include: natural gas, iron, titanium, vanadium, aluminum, placer gold, lithium, cadmium, sulphur, phosphorus, halite, mirabilite, asbestos, crystal, mica, graphite, raw materials of cement, and top quality marble and granite, etc.
Sichuan is now a place of easy access. It has established the province networks of transportation and telecommunication that have joined into the national one and can provide people with convenience of transportation by air, water and land. There are 6 railways of Baoji-Chengdu, Chengdu-chongqing, Chengdu-Kunming, Sichuan-Guizhou, Xiangfan-Chongqing, Neijiang-Yibin running through the province with the total mileage of 2,930 km. The network of highway has been well programmed around the big cities of Chengdu, Chongqing, Nanchong, Yaan and Neijiang, and allows travel and communication to every small counties of the province with the total mileage of 100,002 km. The latest achievements in transportation development are represented chiefly by the initial traffic service on the eastern section of the Chengdu-Chongqing Express way, the construction started on the Chengdu-Mianyang Express way, the Daxian-Chengdu Railway, and the southern section of the Baoji-Chengdu Double-line Railway as well as the electrification of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. The province has a total mileage of water way reaching 6,904 km, with navigation already being open up in over 120 inner land rivers. The province also operates civil aviation on over 150 national and international air routes. It's not only possible to fly, from Chengdu, to the major cities of the province and the country, but also to the foreign countries and districts of Nepal, Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Russia and Hong Kong; and to Negoya of Japan and Hong Kong from Chongqing. A provincial telecommunication network has been established comprising up-to-date technology and facilities such as microwave, optical fiber, satellite, program control telephone, beeper and radio facsimile. 191 cities, prefectures and counties of the province have realized automation of the local call, among which, 165 cities and counties have had national long- distance call installed and 100 have had, international long- distance call installed.
With the rapid development in economy, Sichuan boasts a comprehensive advantage of science and technology in the whole country.The province is home to 317 government-fund scientific research institutes; 210 technological development institutes set up in the large-sized enterprises and higher learning institutes; 63 higher learning institutes; 6,287 ordinary middle schools; 191 secondary technical schools; 107 normal schools; 639 vocational middle schools and 69,673 primary schools. Sichuan has a very rich heritage of culture and art. It enjoys high reputation both at home and abroad for the artistic style and striking local flavor of its folk song and dance, Sichuan opera, acrobatics and Quyi (a form of Chinese folk art). Owing to the efforts made in the improvement of public cultural institutions, the province has currently established 162 public libraries, 211 cultural centers, 52 museums, 36 radio broadcasting stations, and 36 TV stations. It published 119 kinds of newspapers, 375 kinds of magazines and 5,047 kinds of books. Up to 1994, the province has registered 19,012 public health institutions with 259,000 beds, and established 28 nature preserves with fruitful results achieved in the environmental protection. In the year, Sichuan athletes distinguished themselves at the national, Asian and international games, winning 12 gold medals, 9 silver medals and 9 bronze medals in Asian and worldwide sports competitions; 44 gold medals, 54 silver medals and 44 bronze medals in domestic sports competitions. The natural growth of population of the province was 9.94%. in 1994.
Centrally located in the western Sichuan Plain, Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, is renowned for its fertile land and agricultural wealth which have earned the city the nickname "Storehouse of Heaven". It covers an area of 3,861 sq. km., of which only 50 sq. km. is in the city proper with a population of 4 million, of whom 1.23 million are urban inhabitants.
Jiuzhaigou
In northern Sichuan, close to the Gansu border, is Jiuzhaigou (Nine Stockade Gully). It is so named because there are nine Tibetan villages in. Jiuzhaigou covers an area of 600 square kilometers, by now 50 square kilometers of which has been opened to tourists, comprising six scenic spots. In this area there are lakes, waterfalls, snow mountains and forests. The place is well preserved as its natural state.
In December,1992 The Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area was listed in the Chronology of Recognition of World Heritages in China.
Dujiang Dam:
Located in the suburb of Guanxian County, 57 km. southwest of Chengdu, the Dujiang Dam, an irrigation project was built by the locals in the 3rd Century A.D.
This project, some 60 kilometers north-west of Chengdu, was undertaken in the 3rd century BC to divert the fast flowing Min River and rechannel it into irrigation canals. This project was constructed under the guidance of Li Bing and his son in the Warring States Period. After the completio n of the project, the western part of Sichun was free from drought and flood. To commemorate Li Bing and his son, people built Two Kings Temple. Even today the irrigation project are being expanded and playing an important role.among Chengdu's delicacies. Longchaoshou, Tongjing Lane noodles and Husband-and-wife beef slices are some other tasty morsels worth trying. Most Characteristic of them are Lai Tangyuan (stuffed dumplings made of glutinous rice flour served in soup), Longchaoshou, Husband-and-wife beef slices, bell-shaped dumplings, Tongjing lane noodles and pearl-shaped Tangyuan.
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Chengdu's snacks and refreshments have a great reputation. Dumplings made of glutinous rice flour served in soup (Lai Tangyuan), bell-shaped dumplings and pearl-shaped Tangyuan are Dujiangyan Irrigation Project
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Sichuan Brocade: a famous traditional handicraft of Chengdu, Sichuan brocade feels soft and its colorfully unique designs are characteristic of the Chinese style.
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Chengdu's Temperature('c)
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Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun.
Average 5.5 7.5 12.1 17.0 20.9 23.7
Max. 9.6 11.5 16.7 22.0 25.7 28.0
Min. 2.4 4.4 8.6 13.1 17.3 20.3
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Month Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Average 25.6 25.1 21.2 16.8 11.9 7.3
Max. 30.0 29.9 25.4 20.5 15.6 11.1
Min. 22.3 21.7 18.5 14.3 9.3 4.5
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TIBET
Though there is no railway link, Tibet has already opened two airports, one in Lhasa, the regional capital, the other in Chengdu, linking it with Chengdu, Beijing, Xi'an, Chongqing, and Kathmandu. Travel by air can provide you an opportunity to appreciate the unique scenery of the sea clouds and the rolling snow-covered mountain peaks from a height of 10,000 meters.
There are five highways leading to Tibet. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the China-Nepal Highway which connects Nepal with Tibet at Zhangmu Port of Entry are the busiest two road links, The other three are the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway, and Yunnan-Tibet Highway. The Sichuan-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet links are not accessible to overseas tourists yet, but for Chinese travelers all the roads lead to Tibet. Transport condition on parts of the southern section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway is still difficult, however,
Gold-plated roof
it is along this section that you can find numerous tourist attractions including the scenic Raog Lake, the ancient and unique Karo Ruins and Chambaling Monastery, as well as a folklore culture different from that of the areas around Lhasa.
Travel within the region is quite convenient, since the autonomous region has built a sound highway network reaching Lhasa in every direction.
Potala Palace
With a unique natural environment and a long history, Tibet boasts a magnificent highland scenery and rich ethnic folklore.
Once in Lhasa, first come into view will be the imposing and magnificent Potala Palace located on the Red Hill. In downtown, pilgrims and tourists are seen flocking to the famous Jakhang Monastery every day. In the Tibetan-style Norbu Lingka Garden you can visit the numerous palaces located among trees and flower, Highlights also include the Ramoche Temple, the Sera Monastery, the Drepung Monastery, the Dragon Pond, and the Mount Chakpuri, which contribute to making Lhasa a holy city.
Bharkor Street
In the heart of Lhasa, Bharkor Street is the best market place. Small shops line on both sides of the street. Small shops sells various items like pray flags, fur hats, horse bells and bridles, broad leather money belts and copper teapots. The merchandise in small and open street stalls changes from day to day, from Tibetan rugs and knives to traditional Tibetan costumes. Every day Bharkor is visited by crowds of curio-seekers and Tibetan pilgrims holding prayer wheels and walking through Bharkor Street and around the Jokhang Temple
Trashilhunpo Monastery at Xigaze
Located in the south of Nyioeri Mountain west of Xigaze, the monastery was first built in 1447 under the guidance of the First Dalai Lama Gedun Chubba, a disciple of Zongkaba of the Gelugba (Yellow Hat). As one of the four great monasteries of Gelungba in Tibet, it was listed as one of the historical monuments and cultural relics under state protection.
Inside the monastery there are more than 50 scripture halls and more than 3,600 monk quarters. The main structure, located at the top, has three parts. The upper part of the west side is the Hall of Buddha Maitreya (known as Buddha Qamba in Tibet) and is 30 meters high. Being the largest and highest indoor bronze statue of Buddha in the world, the Buddha Qamba is 26.2 meters high and made
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- 关于西藏等地的中英文资料--给如霜
- 胖子
- 1999-08-31 21:47
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存了,谢胖子
- xueer
- 1999-09-01 09:20
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